26. Saturn Transits Uttara Bhādrapadā

Transit Summary

“When Saturn transits Uttara Bhādrapadā, rivers, those who dwell on river-banks, carriage-makers, carpenters, women and gold are destroyed.”
1. Water & Submersion: Floods, storms, epidemics (E. coli, plagues). Rivers & “hidden underworlds”: underground wars, secret cults, hidden economies (blood diamonds, uranium, plutonium disposal).
2. Illusion vs. Reality: Nonlinear narratives (Fight Club, Infinite Jest, Game of Thrones). Cloning, AI, deep fakes. Political propaganda (weapons of mass destruction, “truth commissions”).
3. Hidden Wars & Underground Movements: From Zulu, Afghan, Congo, Chechnya, Iraq to Taliban, IRA, cults, Maoists. Battles are ambiguous, never fully resolved — ceasefires, truces, illusions of peace.
4. Collapse & Accountability: Economic crashes (1907, 1937, 1966–68 stagnation, 1997 Asia crisis brewing). Corporate mergers (Shell, Time Warner, etc.). Saturn forces karmic consequences: hidden debts, buried toxins return.
5. Cultural / Spiritual Shifts: New mythologies, magical realism, cults, religious reformation (ISKCON, Heaven’s Gate, Vatican reforms). Major art that mirrors horror (Guernica, Sgt. Pepper, Fight Club). Spiritual + psychedelic experimentation.

Saturn in Uttara Bhādrapadā brings a karmic reckoning (consequences) with what has been buried, dumped, hidden, denied, suppressed It all comes back to haunt us in this period. Water, underworld, isolation, secrecy, fantasy vs. reality are dominant motifs. Cultural expressions reflect horror, absurdity, blurred boundaries, magical realism. This is a great time for literature and film if you like this kind of thing. There is also a connection to occultism and mysticism.

Hidden conflicts come to the surface & buried resentment boils up. Whatever we neglected to deal with as individuals in our own life, in our families, in our society, in this world will now have to be dealt with in the final form. If life was a video game, this would be the final boss. All those creeping little fears now turn into terror. Pisces is like a backpack, it might be behind us, but with Saturn here, it’s heavy, full of a bunch of stuff that wasn’t realistic: we don’t need half of it for the journey, but here we are wondering why we are so weighed down. This is the transit where we unpack: maybe we don’t need that bag of heart shapes rocks? This is the time of reckoning.

This is when we deal with the consequences of estrangement, pushing people aside, of not facing reality. To some degree, this is a reckoning with reality; a revision of the truth, of history, of what really happened. The question here is: What is real? What is fantasy? How can we believe anything? And the truth could be so terrible, so profound that you don’t want to believe it. Massacres and miracles might be revealed, wars kinda simmer, conducted behind closed doors, truces are made and secretly broken. We can’t even imagine the kinds of things going on behind closed doors these days. And the economy doesn’t always do so well through this transit, there might be a peak before a crash that could take years to correct. Currencies begin to crack, but they likely won’t break until the next cycle. We might see some massive corporate consolidations or mergers as the big fish eat the little ones.

We can see how AI has affected our social media experience, nobody knows what is real anymore. The news just keeps blaring at us 24/7 wipping up a mass hysteria as if it’s time to go after those who were scape-goated in the previous cycle. Saturn bring the Halahala poison to the surface, the residue. After all is said and done, after the fruits have been harvested, this is what is left over, this is what we didn’t deal with, this is what was lurking in the shadows. It’s all very spooky and scary if you have not been taking care of business, but if you have been steadily facing your fears, leaning into them day after day than you have little to worry about. But this Saturn will give his results to the universe as if we are all in the same boat. This Saturn is not making distinctions.

The remedy for all this might be to study mythology, language, magical realism, occult, astrology, psychology, cosmology, the ocean depths, comparative religion. Allow the old ways to meet modern reality. Clean up projects, especially from the ocean or waterways, dig wells, purify water sources. Be worry of escapist tendencies (transiting my 10th from Moon, I am escaping into my work a little too much; but this it to your benefit. Escape into yourself, into your own understanding of who you are. Allow your individual self to dissolve and become Shiva (shivoham shivaoham), deal with your shit, face whatever leviathan comes up with courage. Slice your way through the lies and illusions of this period. It’s gonna hit us all at once so that we disassociate, but when we do that we loose. We have to keep anchored to reality and keep our whits about as as we pass through the hall of mirrors.

I haven’t mentioned propaganda: the whole tale is just being spun in the imaginations of all of us around the world. As much as we might talk about dissolution and reckoning with the past, this is also a period when the thread is just being wound, the stories are being revisited and history is being revised.

By October, Jupiter will be in Cancer and Mars will be in Sagittarius, both aspecting Saturn in Pisces. We could see a rise from the Holy Roman Empire type myth, watery, emotional. Mars in a fire sign aspected by Ketu will be out of control, This is where the heavy aggression will be seen, another global psychological operation will be conducted. There will be heavy fighting for faith and ideology. With Jupiter here, nations and communities will define and defend themselves based on ideology. But Jupiter in Cancer typically has pretty open borders, generous boundaries, permissive border guards. So, humanitarian aid will flow, some of those power vacuums caused by Ketu in Leo will become battles for the top spot, especially as Mars moves into Capricorn; Sun will be passing by around this time so the government will be increasingly authoritarian. Your dreams will have to get real or they will be shattered.

By the end of October, Jupiter will be in Cancer, Mars will be into Scorpio. Saturn, Jupiter & Mars will all be in water houses. So we might expect water to play a major role in whatever plays out. Saturn is int he great ocean where all the garbage eventually flows, this is the result of the cumulative effect of everything we threw into the river, and it’s never just those down streak who have to deal with it; we all do. We will find out what’s lurking beneath he surface, submarines, unsea cables, toxic buildups. Mars in Scorpio doesn’t fear diving into the depths, and the conjunction with Mercury will certainly enliven the investigative journalism globally. But it also supports this Saturn who is trying to revision national mythologies. So propaganda will be hitting us from all angles and the truth will be so absurd that we cannot help but disbelieve it. But the truth will be revealed layer by layer. Mars like covert war, he would much rather wait patiently to stab a person in the back than risk anything in facing them head on. But this will certainly signal an escalation in tension.

And what about Jupiter in Cancer? Whoa! Big, beautiful Jupiter in Cancer. He usually open borders, but he can also divide communities based on ideology. If you say Om namah shivaya, the ashram will take you. If you say Christ is my saviour, the church will help you. The borders are usually fairly open under Jupiter’s watch, but there is some discrimination, some consideration for the bigger picture. We might see a rise in community justice, the expansion of humanitarian aid offered by this Jupiter sounds nice, but it also suggests a need for greater humanitarian aid and when has there ever been enough. As Mars moves into Sagittarius in December, Jupiter steps back to Gemini inflaming the ideological debate and stoking the fires of crusade as Mars fight for his beliefs and Jupiter in Gemini tries to sum it all up in a sound byte. This Mars will be aspecting Jupiter, but also Saturn a base meets and acid, there will be a powerful chemical reaction. So whatever has been going on behind closed doors will explode around this time. Ketu is also aspecting this Sun Mars conjunction in a fire sign.

And what about this Ketu in Leo, Rahu in Aquarius: power vacuums and volatile markets. These might be trending upwards when Mars passes Scorpio. There is an interesting day on Dec 5 when both Jupiter and Mars will aspect this Rahu before Mars moves on. This cold be a good day for the markets. Prior to this, with Jupiter in Cancer there might be some legal problems that effect the markets. Jupiter in Cancer can also nationalize things, bring boom in infrastructure, loosen zoning restriction, build homes, supply housing, multi-family community associations, home schooling. He will open our hearts.

Bas! Enough! We will see for ourselves.

Mahadev

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1996 – 97: The distinction between dream & reality, the past & the present all becomes a little murky here. This is where humanity must face the consequences for the past, for things we think we’ve buried deep. It’s also a time when we might try to dispose of things by burying them. But, like dumping plutonium on the bottom of the ocean, these thins will always come back to haunt us. The Fight Club is a perfect example of the dreamy split between reality and imagination. And Dolly the cloned sheep: is she a real sheep? What’s the difference? It’s not hard to see how this might work out with modern AI, deep fakes and autonomous everything  Life imitating art or art imitating life. Diablo, Tomb Raider, Neverwhere, Scream were all cultural phenomena that touch us deep and seemed to hit a nerve and leave a lasting effect.  Some of these stories were also a little hard to follow as they follow non-linear narratives that weave in and out of reality, jumping through different time periods causing the audience to loose track of things in a way that makes us break away from the reasonable mind and just flow with it, go with it of go insane. There’s a quality to Uttara Bhardapada that can’t be fully explained, understood or rationalised. There are no clear answers. Pisces, fantasy, but also Saturn, reality are blended together in an impossible way. 
The first Jack Reacher novel was released in this period about a deep undercover agent who goes rogue. He is able to evade detection making everyone ask: “Who is this guy?” The same could be said for Saddam Hussain weapons of mass destruction. USA made a compelling narrative that blended fact and fiction. Everything was about underground weapons factories, top secret intelligence. And what’s the truth about Arafat? Was he a great leader of the Palestinian people, or was he just a puppet of Isreal in the west. 
The massive e.coli outbreak highlights the brackish water we expect from Saturn in a water sign. Disposing of spent uranium also highlights this feature of Saturn; we will no doubt have to deal with this in the future. One might say that the can just gets kicked down the road on one hand, while on the other hand we have to deal with those can’t from the past. Saturn brings consequences and accountability. There can be an element of horror with this placement: what’s hiding in the dark, lurking beneath the surface.  
Ukraine’s new constitution didn’t last long, it had many flaws that only seemed to highlight the political divisions there: it was ambiguous about the divisions of powers between different branches of government so that future disputes were inevitable. It made Ukrainian the only official language which was the equivalent of a nightmare for the significant Russian speaking populations. In several regions of the world this question of free people and autonomous decision making (Pisces) clashed with authoritarian rule, regulation and control. Saturn’s fear sparked resistance. Many people believe that control of the oil in Iraq was the real reason for the war, which at this point was only harassment through mechanisms of international bureaucracy, but they were trying to force him to comply to their demands. I don’t think he quite understood the lengths that USA would go to in order to force compliance. These fears along side the strong desire for autonomy often result in isolationism. Either one isolates on their own or they are isolated by others. Moving into the 2025 Saturn transit it’s likely we will see increased fear mongers and greater isolationist tendencies, increased security measures and closed borders. 

1966 – ’67: Mass casualties, killings, deaths on nightmare proportions. In the USA there were massive protests for peace on human rights,  
Underground movements get stronger: secrets, suppressed voices, ideological purges. Calls for ceasefires, but also massacres and state crackdowns. The fish swimming in two directions at the same time.  Structural shifts in religion & philosophy: Vatican reforms, rise of ISKCON, cult implosions, popular spiritual literature. Science-fiction meeting reality with cloning, AI assistants, rockets, nukes, satellite launches, internet waves. In the 90s we had Dolly the coned sheep; today we have AI: what’s real? Cultural upheaval & new mythologies blur the border between dream and reality: fantasy novels, cult-classic films, music movements like Hair. Natural and man-made disasters, storms, pandemics, nuclear scares, space failures.

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Historical Timelines

Saturn in Uttara Bhadrapada: 
28 April 2025 – 08 February 2027

Arts & Literature

Film: Marvel’s The Fantastic Four: First Steps premiers July 2025. 1) First “Steps”; blatant scene in movie where a character makes a primary step into enemy territory leaving a footprint emblazoned with a “4” 2) The Fantastic Four is formed after four human (ubp is human nak) civilian astronauts are exposed to cosmic rays during an unauthorized outer space test flight in an experimental rocket ship. They emergency crash-land back into Earth, and upon exiting the rocket, discover they have developed incredible superpowers 3) For the final fight sequence of the film, citizens are evacuated to “Subterranea”, an underground city ruled by the Mole Man 4) The villain, Galactus, formerly a mortal man, is a cosmic entity who consumes planets to sustain his life force — connects to Vritra as some kind of cosmic devourer. The initial origin of Galactus’ abilities is attributed to passing by a nearby star… 5) Central conflict of the film is that Galactus seeks to consume the newborn baby of one of the protagonists, to end his eternal hunger once and for all, his salvation. This baby possesses the “Power Cosmic”, a source of unlimited cosmic energy. The Power Cosmic replaces the “aura” or soul of its wielders, meaning wielders of the Power Cosmic have no souls of their own Description from one of the Marvel comic books, Unbeatable Squirrel Girl Vol 2 30: “To wield the Power Cosmic is to be in touch with every other living thing at once. It is to recognize that we aren’t alone in the Universe… we alone are the Universe. We are the cosmos coming to know itself, to love itself… and when you witness that for even the briefest of moments, you will see… there is nothing more beautiful.”

Another film, Thunderbolts* — also by Marvel — releases beforehand on May 2025, about a group of hero outlaws. A character of concern is an average guy named Bob, who wields an invincible cosmic alter ego that spreads darkness + can turn people into shadows (yet another Vritra allusion), sending them to a dimension of his own creation where they experience their worst fears and memories

A Minecraft Movie becomes the highest-grossing American film domestically in 2025. Action spy blockbuster Mission: Impossible – The Final Reckoning has its world premiere, concluding the franchise. The first Mission: Impossible released May 22, 1996, when Saturn was also in Uttara Bhadrapada!!!!!

Music: June 27, 2025, New Zealand singer-songwriter Lorde releases her fourth studio album Virgin. She has natal Uttara Bhadrapada Saturn pada 2 and Ketu pada 3.

Religion & Spirituality
September 2025, certain corner of Christians on social media platform TikTok believe they are going to be “raptured”, sparking enough hysteria that some sell all their belongings, quit their jobs, and fall out with loved ones.

Politics
September 2025, escalation in Epstein Files controversy. Conservative pro-gun podcaster Charlie Kirk is assassinated while on Utah college campus, sparking rightwing movement across the United States + gross policing of media commentary. President Trump pressures FCC Chairman into violating First Amendment rights by fundamentally taking ABC talkshow host Jimmy Kimmel (who has natal Saturn in Uttara Bhadrapada !!! and ~20% chance of moon) off air. Kimmel’s show is sacked for a total of three days, and then he is reinstated seemingly as an emblem of free speech. Meanwhile, the deceased Kirk — who was previously a very minor player in the political scene, NOT an elected official — is elevated to a Christ-like status for the right’s political gain. Transgender people are also suddenly scapegoated for his death with no discernible evidence… A bit of a parallel between Kirk and Kimmel: both regarded as “just ok” in their respective media positions until a freak series of events blasts them into unexpected, frankly somewhat unearned, symbolism.

Health: September 2025, Trump administration claims that Tylenol causes autism. Are they desperate to bury the lede (Epstein controversy)?

Saturn in Uttara Bhadrapada:
12 March 1996 – 02 April 1997

— Arafat & Netanyahu agree to stop calling for the elimination of each other — Israel vs Lebanon & UN — USA building case for war with Saddam using weapons inspections — Turkey vs Kurdistan — Shanghai five — Ukraine Constitution — Tutsi’s massacre 500 Hutus & the martyrs of Atlas — IRA kills 200 in Manchester — Madras becomes Chennai — Alexa personal assistant — Dolly the Sheep — Ariane rocket explodes; the commander resigns — Massive storms & E. Coli — Unabomber arrested — Gun restrictions in Australia — “The Green Mile” —— Kosovo insurgency in Serbia — Saddam Husain quells Kurdish riots; USA takes out Iraqi air defense with 50 cruise missiles — Tomb Raider — Diablo — Fight Club — “A Song of Ice and Fire” — “Neverwhere” —— Life imitates Art in Hollywood shootout — Jack Reacher is born — English Patient — Heaven’s gate cult subside — plutonium disposal problems — “The God of Small Things” — “The English Patient” — “Angela’s Ashes,” — Arafat returns to Hebron — “Sole Survivor,” —

Arts & Literature

Film: Twister opens May 10 1996, setting a record for the largest May weekend box office at that time. December 1996, Tim Burton’s Mars Attacks!. VERY notable: May 22, 1996, the first “Mission: Impossible” action spy film starring Tom Cruise; uttara bhadrapada theme of pushing the extremes of what man can do, death defying acts, infamous rigged/roped/chained stunts. June 1966, Striptease starring Demi Moore who was paid a then-unprecedented $12.5 million to star. June 21, 1996, The Hunchback of Notre Dame Disney’s darker animated musical, gothic visuals and ambitious religious themes. July 1996, U.S. release of Trainspotting – Danny Boyle’s gritty adaptation of Irvine Welsh’s novel becomes a cultural phenomenon, depicting heroin addiction in Edinburgh. Scream, an iconic slasher, released December 1996.69th Academy Awards take place on 24 March 1997. The English Patient wins Best Picture// Video games: Tomb Raider, Diablo. Mar 31-April 1, 1997, anime series Pokémon debuts in Japan, goes onto become one of the largest media franchises in history alongside its video games.

Music: Backstreet Boys debut May 1996. June 4, 1996. Metallica releases Load, marking a stylistic shift from thrash to hard rock. Aaliyah’s One in a Million (released August 1996) becomes a strong seller into early 1997, eventually going double platinum, Spice Girls dominate the charts in 1997: they debut with Spice, then release Spiceworld, breaking UK and international sales records.

Art/Literature: David Foster Wallace’s “Infinite Jest” is published pre-transit on February 1, 1996 but dominates literary discussion throughout spring/summer 1996.

Religion & Spirituality

We see an emphasis on underground movements, cult Benin recognizes Voodoo as an official religion in January 1996 with state-backed celebrations and Vodoun Day as a national holiday. Heaven’s Gate mass suicide (March 1997, California) – 39 cult members of the UFO-based new religious movement commit ritual suicide, believing their souls would board a spacecraft following the Hale–Bopp comet. Became one of the most widely publicized religious tragedies of the decade. Also March 1997, the World Council of Churches begins discussions aimed at establishing a common date for Easter, promoting Christian unity across denominations. The World Council of Churches proposes also in March 1997 a common Easter date based on astronomical calculations from Jerusalem.

Innovation & Technology

Nuclear Energy: The Convention on Nuclear Safety enters into force in October 1996, becoming the first legally binding international treaty to commit states to upholding nuclear safety standards. South Korea’s Wolsong 2 reactor begins commercial operation in April 1997, bringing the world’s total reactors to 443. Russia endorses a global treaty to ban underground nuclear testing (though not a total “no-yield” ban) on 7 March 1996, continuing its gradual post-Cold War disarmament opening

Transport: The Boeing 777, first delivered in 1995, expands international operations in 1996–97 and sets records for long-haul twin jet flights. U.S. aviation sector heavily scrutinized following the crash of TWA Flight 800 in July 1996, leading to stronger regulations on fuel tank safety… one of the deadliest air disasters in U.S. history, causes years of investigation + conspiracy theories.

Technology: Dolly the Sheep (born July 1996) is announced in February 1997 as the first cloned mammal from an adult cell, sparking worldwide ethical and scientific debates. Dolly had three mothers: one provided the egg, another the DNA, and a third carried the cloned embryo to term. On Dolly’s name, clone scientist Ian Wilmut stated “Dolly is derived from a mammary gland cell and we couldn’t think of a more impressive pair of glands than Dolly Parton’s.” The Palm Pilot is released in March 1997, popularizing handheld personal digital assistants and paving the way for mobile computing. The Nintendo 64 is released internationally between June 1996 and March 1997, introducing 3D gaming to a mass audience.

Politics

June, 1996, Constitution of Ukraine is adopted by parliament, a milestone in Ukrainian statehood. Same month, Russia holds a presidential election + Boris Yeltsin wins a second term in a runoff, marking the first competitive presidential contest in post-Soviet RussiaNovember, Clinton wins re-election as U.S. President, defeating Bob Dole.

Economy

The U.S. stock market was in a generally bullish / growth phase during 1996–1997. The S&P 500 returned ~ 22.96 % total in 1996 (including dividends). In 1997, the S&P had an even stronger year (~ 33.36 % total return). The Dow Jones in 1996 showed ~ 26.01 % gain. So in your interval, you are catching the tail end of 1996’s strong run and the early parts of 1997’s continuation. However, there were pockets of volatility and corrections, especially later in 1997 (after your interval). Analytical work has studied volatility clustering and power-laws in the S&P during this era. In speculative sectors (technology, “new economy”), enthusiasm was mounting, with higher multiples and growth bets starting to stretch valuations. Oil prices in that period were relatively elevated and volatile. U.S. crude “first purchase” price in 1996: ~$15.43 in Jan, rising to ~$21+ in late 1996. In 1997, some decline: ~$21.76 in Jan 1997, then dropping through the year. WTI spot data: by early 1997, WTI was in the mid-$20s per barrel. So your interval includes both rising oil prices (through 1996) and softening in 1997. The oil market at the time was not under the same shocks as the 1970s, but there was still sensitivity to supply, global demand, and OPEC decisions. Currencies: This is a relatively stable period, but much trouble comes shortly after. The strong U.S. dollar was a regime driver; many emerging economies experienced capital inflows and currency appreciation challenges. Some stresses in Asia were brewing (which later erupted in the Asian Crisis of 1997). Because your interval ends in April 1997, you precede most of the major currency upheavals of late 1997, but early signs of stress (balance of payments, foreign debt) likely were building in several countries.

Feb 13, 1997, Dow Jones closes above 7,000 for the first time. October 27, 1997, the Dow plunged ~7.18 % in a single day; one of the biggest point drops up to then.

Mergers: October 1996, Time Warner completes a $7.6 billion merger with Turner Broadcasting, reshaping media industry dynamics. December, CBS’s parent company (Westinghouse Electric) acquires Infinity Broadcasting for $4.7 billion, consolidating its strength in radio

Health & Disease

Health: 11th International AIDS Conference takes place in Vancouver in July 1996 and introduces combination antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitors, shifting HIV from a terminal illness to a manageable condition. Subsequently, United States sees a sharp decline in AIDS deaths—around 19% fewer deaths in first nine months of 1996 compared to 1995. Also 1996, Mongolia conducts a national catch-up measles vaccination campaign achieving 97 percent coverage in children aged 9 months to 11 years.

Crime: 13 March 1996, Dunblane massacre in Scotland prompts sweeping reforms in UK gun control laws. July 19 – Aug 4, 1996, Centennial Olympic Games are held in Atlanta. On July 27, the Centennial Olympic Park bombing kills 2 and injures over 100, overshadowing the Games. Dec 17, 1996, Peruvian guerrilla group MRTA seizes the Japanese ambassador’s residence in Lima, taking hundreds of hostages.

Natural Disaster: Torrential rains and snowmelt cause severe flooding on the U.S. West Coast from December 1996 to January 1997, affecting California and nearby states, causing 36 deaths and roughly $3 billion in damage. Southern Africa experiences severe flooding in February–March 1997 after Cyclone Josie and Tropical Storm Lisette strike Mozambique.

War

Maws civilian tragedy, hidden, underground wars, dissolution of states, truth commissions, war crimes trials, hidden atrocities exposed. Ceasefires, fragile peace agreements; Nepalese Civil War (Feb. 13, 1996 – Nov. 21, 2006): The Maoists launch their insurgency. Warfare begins in the rural underground, targeting police posts, not open battlefield wars. Zaire/First Congo War (1996–97) Mobutu overthrown, Rwanda-backed rebels march to Kinshasa. hidden genocide aftermath from Rwanda spills into Congo. Millions displaced. First Chechen War (Dec, 11, 1994 – Aug. 31, 1996): Russia withdraws from Grozny in Aug. 1996 creating an ambiguous “peace” but no real resolution. War doesn’t end, it just melts into the background. Peru (Shining Path) remnants active mid-1990s: Japanese embassy hostage crisis begins Dec. 1996. Algerian Civil War (Jan. 11, 1992 – Feb. 8, 2002): This period marked the peak “dirty war” and massacres of civilians, torture, truth obscured by propaganda. Saturn is karmic accountability, but Pisces is murky so no clarity on who is guilty, state vs. Islamists blurred. Yugoslav Wars (Mar. 31, 1991 – Nov. 12, 2001): Bosnia elections (Sept. 1996) were deeply flawed In 1996–97: Dayton Agreement aftermath. A fragile peace accords signed, but war crimes trials begin to surface. Kosovo insurgency begins to bubble (underground), foreshadowing later war. Sierra Leonean Civil War (Mar. 23, 1991 – Jan. 18, 2002): In 1996 President Kabbah signs peace accord with RUF rebels but it was only the illusion of peace. Within a year, the war reignites. “Blood diamonds” narrative enters international awareness: hidden wealth, underground economy. Iraqi No-fly Zones (Mar. 1, 1991 – Mar. 20, 2003): 1996: US launches Operation Desert Strike (Sept.) after Saddam moves against Kurds. US strikes are from the air, invisible, punishing Iraq without open war. Weapons inspections, WMD narratives Somali Civil War (1991 – …): In 1996 warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid killed leaving a leadership vacuum. Chaos grows deeper, factions split. The state dissolves further into hidden warlord networks. Afghanistan Civil War (1992–2001): In 1996 the Taliban captured Kabul, executed Najibullah, and enforced strict Sharia Law. The dream of utopia masking authoritarian horror. South Lebanon Conflict (Feb. 16, 1985 – May 25, 2000): 1996: “Operation Grapes of Wrath” → Israel bombards Hezbollah, shelling a UN compound kills 100+ civilians at Qana. mass civilian deaths in a refugee shelter, horror in a supposedly safe space. Ceasefire signed but the temporary truce is not a solution. Sri Lanka Civil War (Jul. 23, 1983 – May 19, 2009): Jan. 1996 the LTTE bombed the Central Bank in Colombo. July 1996 the LTTE kills 1,200 Sri Lankan soldiers in Mullaitivu base massacre. Surprise attacks, large-scale death in a single stroke. Second Sudanese Civil War (Jun. 5, 1983 – Jan. 9, 2005): Throughout the mid-90s famine in Bahr el Ghazal due to war; people starve in isolation, forgotten by the world. Angolan Civil War (Nov. 11, 1975 – Apr. 4, 2002): 1996: Lusaka Protocol signed, attempt at peace, but it’s a fragile truce and violence soon resumes. The Troubles IRA-British Guerrilla War (May 1966 – Apr. 10, 1998) 1996: IRA bombs Canary Wharf (Feb), ends ceasefire. Peace talks collapse, trust dissolves like mist. Murky loyalties: Sinn Féin vs. British govt vs. underground IRA factions. Guatemalan Civil War (Nov. 13, 1960 – Dec. 29, 1996): Dec. 1996: official peace accords signed. Karmic closure of a long nightmare. But “truth” is incomplete: hidden graves, massacres unresolved; Pisces ambiguity remains.

Mar, 12 1996 – Jul. 18, 1996 (direct):

— Arafat – Netanyahu agree to stop calling for the elimination of each other — Israel vs Lebanon & UN — USA building case for war with Saddam using weapons inspections — Turkey vs Kurdistan — Shanghai five — Ukraine Constitution — Tutsi’s massacre 500 Hutus & the martyrs of Atlas — IRA kills 200 in Manchester — Madras becomes Chennai — Alexa personal assistant — Dolly the Sheep — Ariane rocket explodes; the commander resigns — Massive storms & E. Coli — Unabomber arrested — Gun restrictions in Australia — “The Green Mile” —

Middle East: Arafat of the PLO & newly elected Netanyahu of Israel come to agreement that they won’t call for the elimination of each other. But there are attacks from Hezbollah in Lebanon, Israel retaliation shells a UN compound (alternately known as the Grapes of Wrath & Nana massacre), and then a group from Egypt retaliates on a tourist hotel killing numerous people. Saddam Hussain & biological & nuclear weapons inspectors are making trouble for each other; but USA is still having a tough time building a coalition for military action. Turkey is going after the Kurdistan Workers Party with Operation Hawk. Russia: Boris Yeltsin is re-elected. The Chechnya War is coming to a close as Helsinki joins the negotiations as arbitrator. Ukrainian constitution is signed into law. The Shanghai Five, a precursor to the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation is created. Africa: Tutsi’s massacre about 500 Hutus in a couple of days. Seven orthodox monks, known as the martyrs of Atlas, are kidnaped and executed in Algeria. Second Sudanese Civil War: (Jun. 5, 1983 – Jan. 9, 2005): The Troubles IRA-British Irregular War (May 1966 – Apr. 10, 1998): IRA bomb kills 200 in Manchester. Organisations & Buildings: Jul.: Indian officially renames Madras, it becomes Chennai. Community of Portuguese Language Countries is established. Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Science & Technology: Apr.: Alexa personal assistant is released. May 13: Ansari X Prize is offered to a private person who could make a reusable spacecraft go to space twice in two weeks. May 30:. European rocket called Ariane 5 explodes 40 seconds after take off; a waste of about $8 billion. NATO commander resigns after criticism. Jun. 23: Nintendo 64 is released. Jul.: Dolly the cloned sheep is born. Accidents & Acts of God: Apr. 3: 737 military jet crashes into a mountain in Croatia, all 35 people are killed. A storm in Everest kills eight, four others die soon after. May 13: Thunder storms & tornados kill 600 in Bangladesh. Hurricane Bertha hits USA causing $270 million damage. E.coli affects 6000 children in Japan. May 30: Explosion in a shopping centre in Brazil. Jul.: Saguenay Flood in Canada is one of the most costly natural disasters. General Timeline: Apr. 3: The Unabomber, Ted Kaczynski, is arrested because of a tip from his brother. Port Arthur massacre in Australia; gunman kills 35 people. This is used as a pretext to ban all automatic and semi-automatic weapons. Mar.: “The Green Mile” about magic on death row, is published to remind us that there is more to this world than meets the eye.

Jul. 18, 1996 – Dec. 3, 1996 (retrograde):

— Kosovo insurgency in Serbia — Saddam Husain quells Kurdish riots; USA takes out Iraqi air defense with 50 cruise missiles — Tomb Raider — Diablo — Fight Club — “A Song of Ice and Fire” — “Neverwhere” —

Yugoslav Wars (Mar. 31, 1991 – Nov. 12, 2001): Nov. 17: Mass protests against election fraud in Serbia lasted until Feb. when Milosevic signed the “lex specialis” which gave victory to the opposition without admitting to wrongdoing. A counter protest Dec. 24 turned to violence. Kosovo Insurgency (May 27, 1995 – Feb. 27, 1998): Iraqi No-fly Zones (Mar. 1, 1991 – Mar. 20, 2003): Aug. 31: Saddam Husain launch a full scale operation in Erbil against the Kurds in order to quell an uprising between two different Kurdish factions. Sept. 3: USA launches 50 cruise missiles at Iraqi air defence assets. Jul.: Tickle me Elmo is released. *Aug. 1: Game of Thones book series, “A Song of Ice and Fire” depicts a violent world dominated by political realism. What little supernatural power exists is confined to the margins of the known world. Moral ambiguity pervades the books, and their stories continually raise questions concerning loyalty, pride, human sexuality, piety, and the morality of violence.* (This sounds a lot like Uttara Bhardapada to me.) Aug. 17: “Fight Club” explores violence and split personality. is published. Sept. 5: “Angela’s Ashes” is published. Sept. 16: The other worldly, “Neverwhere” reshapes the London Underground; by Neil Gaiman, is published. Oct.: The video game “Tomb Raider”is released. Dec.: Video game “Diablo” is released. Oct.: “The Notebook” is published. Nov. 1: First DVD released in Japan.

Dec. 3, 1996 – Apr. 2, 1997 (direct):

— Life imitates Art in Hollywood shootout — Jack Reacher is born — English Patient — Heaven’s gate cult subside — plutonium disposal problems — “The God of Small Things” — “The English Patient” — “Angela’s Ashes,” — Arafat returns to Hebron — “Sole Survivor,” —

Dec. 9: The U.S. Department of Energy unveiled a dual-track strategy to dispose of the nation’s surplus plutonium. Dec. 19: Secretary of Energy Hazel O’Leary signed a Record of Decision on the storage and disposition of weapons-usable fissile materials. Jan. 19: Arafat returns to Hebron for first time in 30 years to celebrate the return of the last West Bank town from the Israelis. Jan. 20: Bill Clinton is sworn into his second term. Feb. 28: North Hollywood shootout is like something from the movies; more than 20 officers and civilians are injured. Mar.: “Killing Floor,” the first Jack Reacher novel. Mar. 4: USA says no federal funding for human cloning. Mar. 15: “The God of Small Things” is published. Mar. 24-26: 39 Heaven’s Gate cult members commit suicide in San Diego; 39 member were found dead. Mar. 24: Billy Crystal hosts the Academy awards: The English Patient wins best picture. DVD format is launched. Film & Entertainment: Dec. 13: The film, “Jerry Maguire,” staring Tom Cruise as a sports agent who experiences a moral epiphany, leading him to start his own agency. Dec. 20: Beavis and Butt-Head Do America. Dec. 20: Slasher horror Film Scream made horror films relevant again. Feb.” “The Club Dumas” by Arturo Pérez-Reverte. Mar.: “Naked” by David Sedaris. “The Partner,” A legal thriller by John Grisham, it tells the story of a lawyer who fakes his own death to steal a fortune, only to be pursued by those he betrayed. “Sole Survivor,” A suspense novel by Dean Koontz, it follows a man investigating the mysterious circumstances surrounding a plane crash that killed his family. “Angela’s Ashes,” A memoir by Frank McCourt, recounting his impoverished childhood in Limerick, Ireland.

Saturn in Uttara Bhadrapada:
11 May 1966 – 21 February 1968

Arts & Literature

Film: 1967, “Bonnie and Clyde”, James Bond character debut in “Casino Royale”. “The Dirty Dozen” with screenplay based on 1965 bestseller by E.M. Nathanson who has natal Jupiter in Uttara Bhadrapada. About “Project Amnesty”, a top secret mission to turn some of the U.S. Army’s worst convicts into highly skilled commandos to eliminate Wehrmacht officers at a château near Rennes, disrupting the German chain of command in northern France ahead of D-Day. Any convicts who survive the mission will receive a pardon. Roger Ebert, who was in his first year as a film reviewer for the Chicago Sun-Times, wrote sarcastically: “I’m glad the Chicago Police Censor Board forgot about that part of the local censorship law where it says films shall not depict the burning of the human body. If you have to censor, stick to censoring sex, I say… but leave in the mutilation, leave in the sadism and by all means leave in the human beings burning to death. It’s not obscene as long as they burn to death with their clothes on”. The Patterson–Gimlin “Bigfoot” film was recorded (Oct 20).

Music: The Beatles release Revolver in August 1966, and then Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band in May 1967. “Sgt. Pepper was the first pop album to be mastered without the momentary gaps that are typically placed between tracks as a point of demarcation. It made use of two crossfades that blended songs together, giving the impression of a continuous live performance.” Also 1967, Are You Experienced by The Jimi Hendrix Experience; The Velvet Underground & Nico with lyrics spanning themes of drug abuse, prostitution, sadomasochism and urban life. Characterized as “the original art-rock record”, it was a major influence on many sub-genres of rock and alternative music, including punk, garage rock, krautrock, post-punk, post-rock, noise rock, shoegaze, gothic rock, art punk and indie rock.” The damsel in distress these is represented with the song “I’m Waiting for the Man”, which describes a protagonist’s efforts to obtain heroin. The Beatles’ Magical Mystery Tour LP (US) was released (Nov 27); UK double-EP followed (Dec 8).

Literature: The concept of intermedia, bridging art forms, appears in Fluxus circles beginning with “Intermedia” published in 1966 and a “Statement on Intermedia” in July 1967. “The Naked Ape” was published (Oct). “Hair” opened off-Broadway (Oct 17). Disney’s The Jungle Book was released (Oct 18).

Religion & Spirituality

Jun. 12, 1966: The Vatican abolished the Index Librorum Prohibitorum. ISKCON was founded in New York (July 13). 1967: Pope Paul VI issued Populorum progressio (Mar 28).

Innovation & Technology

Nuclear Energy: 1967: A Soviet nuclear test was conducted at Semipalatinsk (Feb 26). France’s first nuclear ballistic-missile submarine Le Redoutable was launched (Mar 29). The U.S. tested the “Boxcar” nuclear device (Jan 1968). Transport: The XB-70 Valkyrie test aircraft was destroyed in a mid-air collision (June 8). Britannia Airways Flight 105 crashed near Ljubljana (Sept 1). MV Darlwyne was lost off Cornwall (July 31). The Salazar/25 de Abril Bridge in Lisbon opened (Aug 6). 1967: The first Boeing 737 made its maiden flight (Apr 9). GO Transit (Toronto region) was established (May 1). RMS Queen Mary completed her final transatlantic crossing (Sept 27). The RMS Queen Mary was retired; QE2 replaced her (Dec 1). A U.S. B-52 crashed near Thule, Greenland, discharging four nuclear bombs (Jan 15). An Israeli submarine sank in the Mediterranean (Jan 25). A French submarine sank, killing 52 (late Jan). U.S. rail consolidations moved forward (as above). Technology: The first voucher-based ATM was installed (Barclays Enfield) — note: UK ATM milestone tied closely to this window. A U-2 disappeared over Cuba (July 28). 1967: North Sea gas came ashore at Easington (Mar 4). Moscow’s 537 m TV tower was completed (Apr 30). The SEACOM Asian telephone cable was inaugurated (Mar 29). BBC radio networks were restructured (Radio 1/2/3/4) (Sept 30). The Public Broadcasting Act created the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (Nov 7). TVB (Hong Kong’s first wireless commercial TV) was established (Nov 19). Space: The Atmospheric Explorer satellite was launched (May 25). Gemini 10 was launched and set a new altitude mark (July 18). Lunar Orbiter 1 entered lunar orbit (Aug 10). 1967: Lunar Orbiter 3 was launched (Feb 5). Surveyor 3 landed on the Moon (Apr 20). Lunar Orbiter 4 was launched (May 4). Venera 4 returned in-atmosphere Venus data (Oct 18). Mariner 5 flew by Venus (Oct 19). The first pulsar (PSR B1919+21) was discovered (Nov 28). Apollo 4 (first Saturn V) was launched (Nov 9).

Politics

The Chinese Communist Party memo initiated the Cultural Revolution (May 16); Mao began purges by August. France left NATO’s integrated military command (June 12). The U.S. Supreme Court issued Miranda v. Arizona (June 13). Large Vietnam War protests were held in the U.S. and U.K. (mid-May).
England hosted and won the 1966 FIFA World Cup (July 30). Zambia threatened to leave the Commonwealth (July 12). A Nigerian counter-coup installed Yakubu Gowon (July 29). Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation was ended by joint declaration (Aug 11). Saudi Arabia and the UAR opened Yemen peace talks (Aug 17). NATO decided to move SHAPE to Belgium (Sept 9). The UK Colonial Office merged into the Commonwealth Office (Aug 1). Verwoerd was assassinated in South Africa; B. J. Vorster succeeded him (Sept 6–12).
1967: Suharto took de facto power from Sukarno (Feb–Mar). Greece fell to a military junta (Apr 21). The UK and Ireland applied for EEC membership (May 11). Hong Kong 1967 riots erupted (May 6 onward). The Six-Day War “waiting period” began; U Thant withdrew UNEF at Nasser’s request (May 15–18). Biafra declared independence (May 30).
Che Guevara was captured and executed in Bolivia (Oct 8–9). De Gaulle vetoed UK EEC entry again (Oct 27). UN Security Council Resolution 242 was adopted (Nov 22). South Yemen became independent (Nov 30). Zulfikar Ali Bhutto founded the Pakistan People’s Party (Nov 30).
The Prague Spring began (Jan 5), with reformist liberalization in Czechoslovakia. North Korea seized the U.S. Pueblo (Jan 23). The Tet Offensive was launched by the Viet Cong (Jan 30). The Battle of Khe Sanh commenced (Jan 21).
Reports and images of Vietnam War civilian massacres (Phong Nhi/Nhất; later My Lai) began to surface or were committed in this interval, feeding public opposition.

Economy

The U.S. stock market in the late 1960s was volatile and under pressure. One well-known fact: from 1966 into the early 1970s the U.S. entered a long period of poor real returns (inflation, stagflation pressures).

The Asian Development Bank was established (Aug 22). The UK devalued the pound from $2.80 to $2.40 (Nov 18). The bear market of 1966 had already begun, with the S&P losing ~24 % in 1966. But from October 1966 through December 1968, the S&P 500 rose about 51 %, marking a renewed speculative phase. 1. The tail-end of downturn (1966). 2. A recovery into 1967. 3.Continuing momentum into early 1968. Speculative “technology” / “electronics” names began to catch attention by 1967. oil prices didn’t likely spike violently in that interval, they were under upward pressure from inflation, devaluation pressures on currencies, and rising global demand. The “Gold Pool” (cooperative central bank gold interventions) collapsed in 1968, showing strains in maintaining the dollar-gold parity. Sterling (British pound) was under significant pressure, culminating in the devaluation of the pound in November 1967. Many central banks were running balance-of-payments pressures, deficits, and reserve stresses. The IMF’s annual report notes that export growth from 1966 to 1967 was unusually slow among industrial countries.

Corporate

Caesars Palace opened in Las Vegas (Aug 5). The Baggeridge Colliery closed, ending three centuries of mining in England’s Black Country (Mar 2, within the tail end of this window’s economic tone).

Mergers: McDonnell and Douglas merged to form McDonnell Douglas (Apr 28). A major U.S. railway merger wave accelerated (winter 1967–68).

Health & Disease

Health: The world’s first human heart transplant was performed by Christiaan Barnard (Dec 3).

Crime: Richard Speck murdered eight student nurses in Chicago (July 13). The Braybrook Street police murders occurred in London (Aug 12). Charles Whitman committed the UT Austin tower shootings (Aug 1). Franz Stangl (ex-Treblinka/Sobibor) was arrested in Brazil (Mar 1).

Natural Disaster: The Varto earthquake in Turkey killed thousands (Aug 19). The Torrey Canyon oil spill occurred, later was bombed and sunk to disperse oil (Mar 18–29). Severe bushfires in Tasmania killed 62 (Feb 7). A deadly tornado outbreak in the U.S. Midwest occurred (Apr 21). Major floods in Lisbon killed hundreds (Nov 26). The Belice earthquake in Sicily killed ~380 and injured over 1,000 (Jan 15).

War

The Troubles IRA-British Guerrilla War (May 1966 – Apr. 10, 1998) North Yemen Civil War (Sept. 26, 1962 – Dec. 1, 1970) First Iraq – Kurdish War (Sept. 11, 1961 – Mar. 1970) Eritrean War of Independence (Sept. 1, 1961 – May 24, 1991) Nicaragua Revolution (Jul. 19, 1961 – Apr. 25, 1990) Angolan War of Independence (Feb. 4, 1961 – Apr. 25, 1974) Guatemalan Civil War (Nov. 13, 1960 – Dec. 29, 1996) Laotian Civil War (May 23, 1959 – Dec. 2. 1975) Vietnam War (Nov. 1, 1955 – Apr. 30, 1975) First Sudanese Civil War (Anyanya (Snake Venom) Rebellion: (Aug. 18, 1955 – Mar. 27, 1972)

May 11, 1966 – Jul. 11, 1966 (direct):

— Massive peace rally and protests — Chinese Cultural Revolution — Maoist Purge — Atmospheric Explorer Satellite — Miranda rights — France leaves NATO — Vatican abolishes their banned book list —

May: Washburn University in the USA is completely destroyed by a massive Tornado. May 16, ‘66: Massive peace rally and protests in USA & UK. The South Vietnamese besieges Da Nang. Riots in Chicago. May 16: Chinese Communist Party releases a memo that kicks off the Chinese Cultural Revolution. By Aug., Mao will begin purging his political rivals. May 25; Atmospheric Explorer Satellite is launched. Jun. 8: XB-70 Valkyrie strategic bomber prototype is destroyed in mid-air collision with a F-104 Star fighter during testing. Jun. 12: US Supreme Court makes ruling on Miranda v. Arizona; rights must read to the suspect before questioning. The Vatican abolishes the Index Librium Prohibition that prohibited Catholics from reading certain books. France formally leaves the NATO. WOW, Woman’s organisation is founded.

Jul. 11, 1966 – Sept. 14, 1966 (retrograde back to Purva Bhadrapada):

— Society of Krishna Consciousness — Caesars Palace — HIV to the Americas — Asian Development Bank — NATO moves Supreme Headquarters — peace protests in London —

Jul. 11: The 1966 FIFA World Cup begins in England. Jul. 12: Zambia threatens to leave the Commonwealth of Nations because of British peace overtures to Rhodesia. Jul. 13: In Chicago, United States, Richard Speck breaks into a nurses’ dormitory and murders eight of the nine student nurses who live there. Jul. 13: International Society of Krishna Consciousness is founded in the USA. Jul. 14: Israeli and Syrian jet fighters clash over the Jordan River. Gwynfor Evans, President of Plaid Cymru, the Welsh nationalist party, becomes Member of the United Kingdom Parliament for Carmarthen, taking the previously Labour-held Welsh seat at a by-election with a majority of 2,435 on an 18% swing and giving his party its first representation at Westminster in its forty-one year history. Jul. 18: Gemini 10 (John Young, Michael Collins) is launched from the United States. After docking with an Agena target vehicle, the astronauts set a world altitude record of 474 miles (763 km). The International Court of Justice rules in favour of South Africa in a case on the administration of South West Africa which has been brought before them by Ethiopia and Liberia. Jul. 22: Following the death of Hsu Tsu-tsai, a visiting engineer, in The Hague under suspicious circumstances, the Chinese government declares Dutch diplomat G. J. Jongejans persona non grata, but tells him not to leave China before Hsu’s Chinese associates have been permitted to leave the Netherlands. Jul. 23: Katangese troops in Stanleyville, Congo, revolt for several weeks in support of the exiled minister Moise Tshombe. Jul. 24: U.N. Secretary General U Thant visits Moscow. A USAF F-4C Phantom #63-7599 is shot down by a North Vietnamese SAM-2 45 miles (72 km) northeast of Hanoi, the first loss of a U.S. aircraft to a Vietnamese surface-to-air missile in the Vietnam War. Jul. 26: Lord Gardiner issues the Practice Statement in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom, stating that the House, when acting in a judicial capacity, is not bound to follow its own previous precedent. Jul. 28: The U.S. announces that a Lockheed U-2 reconnaissance plane has disappeared over Cuba. Jul. 29: 1966 Nigerian counter-coup: Army officers from the north of Nigeria execute head of state General Aguiyi-Ironsi and install Yakubu Gowon. La Noche de los Bastones Largos: Junta takes over Argentine universities. Bob Dylan is injured in a motorcycle accident near his home in Woodstock, New York. He is not seen in public for over a year. Jul. 30: England beats West Germany 4–2 to win the 1966 FIFA World Cup at Wembley after extra time. Jul. 31: Loss of MV Darlwyne: a pleasure cruiser disappears off the Cornwall coast of England with the loss of all 31 aboard. Aug. 1: Sniper Charles Whitman kills 15 people and wounds 31 from roof of the University of Texas at Austin Main Building tower in the United States, after earlier killing his wife and mother. The British Colonial Office merges with the Commonwealth Relations Office to form a new Commonwealth Office. Aug. 5: The Caesars Palace hotel and casino opens in Las Vegas, United States. Aug. 6: Braniff International Airways Flight 250 crashes in Falls City, Nebraska, United States, killing all 42 of those on board. René Barrientos takes office as the President of Bolivia. The Salazar Bridge (later the 25 de Abril Bridge) opens in Lisbon, Portugal. Aug. 10: Lunar Orbiter 1, the first U.S. spacecraft to orbit the Moon, is launched. Aug. 11: Indonesia and Malaysia issue a joint peace declaration, formally ending the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation which began in 1963. The Beatles hold a press conference in Chicago, during which John Lennon apologizes for his “more popular than Jesus” remark, saying, “I didn’t mean it as a lousy anti-religious thing.” Aug. 12: Massacre of Braybrook Street: Harry Roberts, John Duddy and Jack Witney shoot dead 3 plainclothes policemen in London; they are later sentenced to life imprisonment. Aug. 15: Syrian and Israeli troops clash over Lake Kinneret (also known as the Sea of Galilee) for 3 hours. Aug. 17: Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Republic begin negotiations in Kuwait to end the war in Yemen. Aug. 18: Vietnam War – Battle of Long Tan: D Company, 6th Battalion of the Royal Australian Regiment, meets and defeats a Viet Cong force estimated to be four times larger, in Phuoc Tuy Province, Republic of Vietnam. Aug. 19: The 6.8 Mw Varto earthquake affects the town of Varto in eastern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing at least 2,394–3,000 and injuring at least 1,420. Aug. 21: Seven men are sentenced to death in Egypt for anti-Nasser agitation. Aug. 22: The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is established. The United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC), predecessor of the United Farm Workers of America (UFW), is formed. Aug. 26: The first battle of the South African Air Force and the South African Police with PLAN, the armed wing of the South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO), takes place at Ongulumbashe during Operation Blue Wildebeest, triggering the South African Border War which continues until 1989. Aug. 29: The Beatles end their U.S. tour with a concert at Candlestick Park in San Francisco. It is their last performance as a live touring band. Aug. 30: France offers independence to French Somaliland (Djibouti from 1977). Sept. 1: United Nations Secretary-General U Thant declares that he will not seek re-election, because U.N. efforts in Vietnam have failed. 98 British tourists die when Britannia Airways Flight 105 crashes in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia. Sept. 6: South African Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd is stabbed to death in Parliament by Dimitri Tsafendas. Sept. 9: NATO decides to move Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe to Belgium. Sept. 12: B. J. Vorster becomes the new Prime Minister of South Africa. Sept. 13: Cultural Revolution in China: Clashes between the Chinese Communist Party and the Red Guards are reported by TASS in the Soviet Union.

Feb. 3, 1967 – Jun. 1, 1967 (direct):

Feb. 3: Ronald Ryan becomes the last man hanged in Australia, for murdering a guard while escaping from prison in December 1965. Feb. 5: NASA launches Lunar Orbiter 3. Italy’s first guided missile cruiser, the Vittorio Veneto, is launched. General Anastasio Somoza Debayle becomes president of Nicaragua. Feb. 6: Alexei Kosygin arrives in the UK for an 8-day visit. He meets The Queen on February 9. Feb. 7: Serious bushfires in southern Tasmania claim 62 lives and destroy 2,642.7 square kilometres (653,025.4 acres) of land. Feb. 10: The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution (presidential succession and disability) is ratified. Feb. 11: Burgess Ice Rise, lying off the west coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica, is first mapped by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). Feb. 13: American researchers discover the Madrid Codices by Leonardo da Vinci in the National Library of Spain. Feb. 22: Suharto takes power from Sukarno in Indonesia (see Transition to the New Order and Supersemar). Donald Sangster becomes the new prime minister of Jamaica, succeeding Alexander Bustamante. Feb. 23: Trinidad and Tobago is the first Commonwealth nation to join the Organization of American States. The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution is enacted. Feb. 24: Moscow forbids its satellite states to form diplomatic relations with West Germany. Feb. 25: Britain’s second Polaris missile submarine, HMS Renown, is launched. Feb. 26: A Soviet nuclear test is conducted at the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Eastern Kazakhstan. Mar. 1: Brazilian police arrest Franz Stangl, ex-commander of Treblinka and Sobibór extermination camps. Óscar Gestido is sworn in as President of Uruguay after 15 years of collegiate government. Mar. 4: The first North Sea gas is pumped ashore at Easington, East Riding of Yorkshire, UK. Queens Park Rangers become the first 3rd Division side to win the English Football League Cup at Wembley Stadium, defeating West Bromwich Albion 3–2. Mar. 9: Joseph Stalin’s daughter, Svetlana Alliluyeva, defects to the United States via the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi. Mar. 11: The first phase of the Cambodian Civil War begins between the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge. Mar. 12: The Indonesian State Assembly takes all presidential powers from Sukarno and names Suharto as acting president (Suharto resigned in 1998). Mar. 13: Moise Tshombe, ex-prime minister of Congo, is sentenced to death in absentia. Mar. 14: The body of U.S. President John F. Kennedy is moved to a permanent burial place at Arlington National Cemetery. Nine executives of the German pharmaceutical company Grunenthal are charged with breaking German drug laws because of thalidomide. Mar. 16: In the Aspida case in Greece, 15 officers are sentenced to 2–18 years in prison, accused of treason and intentions of staging a coup. Mar. 18: Torrey Canyon oil spill: The supertanker SS Torrey Canyon runs aground between Land’s End and the Scilly Isles off the coast of Britain, causing the biggest oil spill in history up to that point. Mar. 19: A referendum in French Somaliland favors the connection to France. Mar. 21: A military coup takes place in Sierra Leone. Vietnam War: In ongoing campus unrest, Howard University students protesting the Vietnam War, the ROTC program on campus and the draft, confront Gen. Lewis Hershey, then head of the U.S. Selective Service System, and as he attempts to deliver an address, shout him down with cries of “America is the Black man’s battleground!” Charles Manson is released from Terminal Island. Telling the authorities that prison had become his home, he requested permission to stay. Upon his release, he relocates to San Francisco where he spends the Summer of Love. Mar. 26: Jim Thompson, co-founder of the Thai Silk Company, disappears from the Cameron Highlands. Mar. 28: Pope Paul VI issues the encyclical Populorum progressio. Mar. 29: The first French nuclear submarine, Le Redoutable, is launched. The SEACOM Asian telephone cable is inaugurated. Torrey Canyon oil spill: British Fleet Air Arm and Royal Air Force aircraft bomb and sink the grounded supertanker SS Torrey Canyon. Mar. 31: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Consular Treaty. Apr. 2: A United Nations delegation arrives in Aden as its independence approaches. The delegation leaves April 7, accusing British authorities of lack of cooperation. The British say the delegation did not contact them. Apr. 4: Martin Luther King Jr. denounces the Vietnam War during his sermon at the Riverside Church in New York City. Apr. 7: Six-Day War (approach): Israeli fighters shoot down 7 Syrian MIG-21s. Apr. 8: Puppet on a String by Sandie Shaw (music and lyrics by Bill Martin and Phil Coulter) wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1967 for the United Kingdom. Apr. 9: The first Boeing 737 (A-100 series) takes its maiden flight. Apr. 10: The AFTRA strike is settled just in time for the 39th Academy Awards ceremony to be held, hosted by Bob Hope. Best Picture goes to A Man for All Seasons. Apr. 15: Large demonstrations are held against the Vietnam War in New York City and San Francisco. The march, organized by the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, from Central Park to the United Nations drew hundreds of thousands of people, including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Harry Belafonte, James Bevel, and Dr. Benjamin Spock, who marched and spoke at the event. A simultaneous march in San Francisco was attended by Coretta Scott King. Scotland defeats England 3–2 at Wembley Stadium, with goals from Law, Lennox and McCalligog, in the British Championships. This is England’s first defeat since they won the World Cup, and ends a 19-game unbeaten run. Apr. 20: The Surveyor 3 probe lands on the Moon. A Globe Air Bristol Britannia turboprop crashes at Nicosia, Cyprus, killing 126 people. Apr. 21: Greece suffers a military coup by a group of military officers, who establish a military dictatorship led by Georgios Papadopoulos; future-Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou remains a political prisoner till December 25. The dictatorship ends in 1974. An outbreak of tornadoes strikes the upper Midwest section of the United States (in particular the Chicago area, including the suburbs of Belvidere and Oak Lawn, Illinois where 33 people are killed and 500 injured). Apr. 23: A group of young leftist radicals are expelled from the Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN). This group goes on to found the Socialist Workers Party (POS). Apr. 24: Soyuz 1: Vladimir Komarov becomes the first Soviet cosmonaut to die, when the parachute of his space capsule fails during re-entry. Apr. 27: Montreal, Quebec, Expo 67, a World’s Fair to coincide with the Canadian Confederation centennial, officially opens with Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson igniting the Expo Flame in the Place des Nations. Apr. 28: In Houston, Texas, United States, boxer Muhammad Ali refuses military service. He is stripped of his boxing title and barred from professional boxing for the next three years. Expo 67 opens to the public, with over 310,000 people attending. Al Carter from Chicago is the first visitor as noted by Expo officials. The U.S. aerospace manufacturer McDonnell Douglas is formed through a merger of McDonnell Aircraft and Douglas Aircraft (it becomes part of The Boeing Company three decades later). Apr. 29: Fidel Castro announces that all intellectual property belongs to the people and that Cuba intends to translate and publish technical literature without compensation. Apr. 30: Moscow’s 537 m tall TV tower is finished. May 1: Elvis Presley and Priscilla Beaulieu are married in Las Vegas. GO Transit, Canada’s first interregional public transit system, is established. May 2: The Toronto Maple Leafs win the Stanley Cup. It is their last Stanley Cup and last finals appearance to date. It will turn out to be the last game in the Original Six era. Six more teams will be added in the fall. British Prime Minister Harold Wilson announces that the United Kingdom has decided to apply for EEC membership. May 4: Lunar Orbiter 4 is launched by the United States. May 6: Zakir Husain is the first Muslim to become president of India. Hong Kong 1967 riots: Clashes between striking workers and police kill 51 and injure 800. May 8: The Philippine province of Davao is split into three: Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, and Davao Oriental. May 9: A partial solar eclipse took place. May 10: The Greek military government accuses Andreas Papandreou of treason. May 11: The United Kingdom and Ireland apply officially for European Economic Community membership. May 15: The Waiting period leading up to the Six-Day War begins. May 17: Syria mobilizes against Israel. President Gamal Abdal Nasser of Egypt demands withdrawal of the peacekeeping UN Emergency Force in the Sinai. U.N. Secretary-General U Thant complies (May 18). May 18: Tennessee Governor Ellington repeals the “Monkey Law” (officially the Butler Act; see the Scopes Trial). In Mexico, schoolteacher Lucio Cabañas begins guerrilla warfare in Atoyac de Alvarez, west of Acapulco, in the state of Guerrero. NASA announces the crew for the Apollo 7 space mission (the first in the Apollo series with a crew): Wally Schirra, Donn F. Eisele, and R. Walter Cunningham. May 19: Yuri Andropov becomes KGB chief in the Soviet Union. May 20: The Spring Mobilization Conference, a gathering of 700 antiwar activists is held in Washington D.C. to chart the future moves for the U.S. antiwar movement. May 22: The Innovation department store in the centre of Brussels, Belgium, burns down. It is the most devastating fire in Belgian history, resulting in 323 dead and missing and 150 injured. May 23: A significant worldwide geomagnetic flare unfolded. Radio emissions coming from the Sun jammed military surveillance radars. Egypt closes the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping, blockading Israel’s southern port of Eilat, and Israel’s entire Red Sea coastline. May 27: Naxalite Guerrilla War: Beginning with a peasant uprising in the town of Naxalbari, this Marxist/Maoist rebellion sputters on in the Indian countryside. The guerrillas operate among the impoverished peasants, fighting both the government security forces and private paramilitary groups funded by wealthy landowners. Most fighting takes place in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha and Madhya Pradesh. The Australian referendum, 1967 passes with an overwhelming 90% support, removing, from the Australian Constitution, 2 discriminatory sentences referring to Indigenous Australians. It signifies Australia’s first step in recognising Indigenous rights. May 30: Biafra, in eastern Nigeria, announces its independence, which is not recognized.

Sept. 19, 1967 – Dec. 9, 1967 (retrograde from Revati):

— Habitat 67 — Che Guevara captured — “The Naked Ape” — musical “Hair” — animation of the “Jungle Book” — Blurry film of “Bigfoot” —

Sept. 27: The RMS Queen Mary arrives in Southampton at the end of her last transatlantic crossing. Sept. 30: In the United Kingdom, BBC Radio completely restructures its national programming: the Light Programme is split between new national pop station Radio 1 (modelled on the successful pirate station Radio London) and Radio 2; the cultural Third Programme is rebranded as Radio 3; and the primarily-talk Home Service becomes Radio 4. Oct. 3: An X-15 research aircraft with test pilot William J. Knight establishes an unofficial world fixed-wing speed record of Mach 6.7. Oct. 4: Omar Ali Saifuddin III of Brunei abdicates in favour of his son, His Majesty Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah. The Shag Harbour UFO incident occurs. Oct. 5: Widespread coverage of the mutilation of “Snippy” the horse. Oct. 6: Southern California’s Pacific Ocean Park, known as the “Disneyland By The Sea”, closes down. Oct. 8: Guerrilla leader Che Guevara and his men are captured in Bolivia; they are executed the following day. Oct. 12: Vietnam War: U.S. Secretary of State Dean Rusk states during a news conference that, because of North Vietnam’s opposition, proposals by the U.S. Congress for peace initiatives are futile. The Naked Ape, by Desmond Morris, is published. Oct. 14: Quebec Nationalism: René Lévesque leaves the Liberal Party. Oct. 16: Thirty-nine people, including singer-activist Joan Baez, are arrested in Oakland, California, for blocking the entrance of that city’s military induction center. Oct. 17: The musical Hair opens off-Broadway. It moves to Broadway the following April. Vietnam War: The Battle of Ong Thanh takes place. Oct. 18: Vietnam War: Students at the University of Wisconsin–Madison protest over recruitment by Dow Chemical on the university campus; 76 are injured in the resulting riot. Walt Disney’s 19th full-length animated feature The Jungle Book, the last animated film personally supervised by Disney, is released and becomes an enormous box-office and critical success. On a double bill with the film is the (now) much less well-known true-life adventure, Charlie the Lonesome Cougar. The Venera 4 probe descends through the Venusian atmosphere. A total lunar eclipse occurred. Oct. 19: The Mariner 5 probe flies by Venus. Oct. 20: Patterson–Gimlin film: Roger Patterson and Robert Gimlin’s famous film of an unidentified animate cryptid, thought to be Bigfoot or Sasquatch, is recorded at Bluff Creek, California. Oct. 21: Approximately 70,000 Vietnam War protesters march in Washington, D.C. and rally at the Lincoln Memorial; in a successive march that day, 50,000 people march to the Pentagon, where Allen Ginsberg, Abbie Hoffman, and Jerry Rubin symbolically chant to “levitate” the building and “exorcise the evil within.” An Egyptian surface-to-surface missile sinks the Israeli destroyer Eilat, killing 47 Israeli sailors. Israel retaliates by shelling Egyptian refineries along the Suez Canal. Oct. 23: Charles de Gaulle becomes the first French Co-Prince of Andorra to visit his Andorran subjects. In addition to being President of France, de Gaulle is a joint ruler (along with Spain’s Bishop of Urgel) of the tiny nation located in the mountains between France and Spain, pursuant to the 1278 agreement creating the nation. Oct. 25: The Abortion Act 1967 passes in the British Parliament and receives royal assent two days later. Oct. 26: The coronation ceremony of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran, ruler of the nation since 1941, takes place. U.S. Navy pilot John McCain is shot down over North Vietnam and taken prisoner. His capture is confirmed two days later, and he remains a prisoner of war for more than five years. Oct. 27: French President Charles de Gaulle vetoes British entry into the European Economic Community for the second time in the decade. Oct. 29: President Joseph Mobutu of the Democratic Republic of the Congo launches an offensive against mercenaries in Bukavu. Expo 67 closes in Montreal, after having attracted more than 50 million visitors in six months. Oct. 30: Hong Kong 1967 riots: British troops and Chinese demonstrators clash on the border of China and Hong Kong. Nov.: Islamabad officially becomes Pakistan’s political capital. Nov. 2: Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson holds a secret meeting with a group of the nation’s most prestigious leaders (“the Wise Men”) and asks them to suggest ways to unite the American people behind the war effort. They conclude that the American people should be given more optimistic reports on the progress of the war. A non-central total solar eclipse took place. Nov. 3: Vietnam War – Battle of Dak To: Around Đắk Tô (located about 280 miles north of Saigon near the Cambodian border), heavy casualties are suffered on both sides; U.S. troops narrowly win the battle on November 22. Nov. 4–5: In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, mercenaries of Jean Schramme and Jerry Puren withdraw from Bukavu, over the Shangugu Bridge, to Rwanda. Nov. 6: The Rhodesian parliament passes pro-Apartheid laws. Nov. 7: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, establishing the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Carl B. Stokes is elected Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, becoming the first African American elected mayor of a major United States city. The 50th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution is celebrated in the Soviet Union. Nov. 9: Apollo program: NASA launches the first Saturn V rocket, successfully carrying the Apollo 4 test spacecraft from Cape Kennedy into Earth orbit. Nov. 11: Vietnam War: In a ceremony in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 3 United States prisoners of war are released by the Viet Cong and turned over to American “New Left” antiwar activist Tom Hayden. Nov. 14: The Congress of Colombia, in commemoration of the 150-year anniversary of the death of Policarpa Salavarrieta, declares this day as the “Day of the Colombian Woman”. Nov. 15: General Georgios Grivas and his 10,000 strong Greek Army division are forced to leave Cyprus, after 24 Turkish Cypriot civilians are killed by the Greek Cypriot National Guard in the villages of Kophinou and Ayios Theodhoros; relations sour between Nicosia and Athens. Turkey flies sorties into Greek territory, and masses troops in Thrace on her border with Greece. Test pilot Michael Adams is killed when his X-15 rocket plane tumbles out of control during atmospheric re-entry and disintegrates. Nov. 17: Vietnam War: Acting on optimistic reports he was given on November 13, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson tells the nation that, while much remains to be done, “We are inflicting greater losses than we’re taking … We are making progress.” (Two months later the Tet Offensive by the Viet Cong is widely reported as a Viet Cong victory by the U.S. press and thus as a major setback to the U.S.). French author Régis Debray is sentenced to 30 years imprisonment in Bolivia. (He will be released in 1970 after less than three years imprisonment.). Nov. 18: The UK pound is devalued from £1 = US$2.80 to £1 = US$2.40. Nov. 19: The establishment of TVB, the first wireless commercial television station in Hong Kong. Nov. 20: The “population clock” of the United States Census Bureau records the U.S. population at 200 million people at 11:03 a.m. Washington, D.C. time. Nov. 21: Vietnam War: United States General William Westmoreland tells news reporters: “I am absolutely certain that whereas in 1965 the enemy was winning, today he is certainly losing.” Nov. 22: UN Security Council Resolution 242 is adopted by the UN Security Council, establishing a set of principles aimed at guiding negotiations for an Arab–Israeli peace settlement. Nov. 25: 1967 Australian Senate election: The Liberal/Country Coalition government led by Prime Minister Harold Holt lost two seats, while the Labor Party led by Gough Whitlam failed to make any gains. The Democratic Labor Party won the two seats from the Liberals and gained the sole balance of power in the Senate. Nov. 26: Major floods hit Lisbon, Portugal, killing 462. Nov. 27: The Beatles release Magical Mystery Tour in the U.S. as a full album. The songs added to the original six songs on the double EP include “All You Need Is Love”, “Penny Lane”, “Strawberry Fields Forever”, “Baby, You’re a Rich Man” and “Hello, Goodbye”. Release as a double EP will not take place in the UK until December. Nov. 28: The first pulsar to be discovered by Earth observers is found in the constellation of Vulpecula by astronomers Jocelyn Bell Burnell and Antony Hewish, and is given the name PSR B1919+21. Nov. 29: Vietnam War: U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara announces his resignation to become president of the World Bank. McNamara’s resignation follows U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson’s outright rejection of McNamara’s early November recommendations to freeze troop levels, stop the bombing of North Vietnam, and hand over ground fighting to South Vietnam. Nov. 30: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto founds the Pakistan People’s Party and becomes its first chairman. It has gone on to become one of Pakistan’s major political parties (alongside the Pakistan Muslim League) that is broken into many factions, bearing the same name under different leaders, such as the Pakistan’s Peoples Party Parliamentarians (PPPP). The People’s Republic of South Yemen becomes independent of the United Kingdom. Pro-Soviet communists in the Philippines establish Malayang Pagkakaisa ng Kabataan Pilipino as its new youth wing. U.S. Senator Eugene McCarthy announces his candidacy for the Democratic Party presidential nomination, challenging incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson over the Vietnam War. Dec. 1: The RMS Queen Mary is retired. Her place is taken by the Queen Elizabeth 2. Dec 3: Christiaan Barnard carries out the world’s first heart transplant at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Dec. 4: At 6:50 PM, a volcano erupts on Deception Island in Antarctica. Vietnam War: U.S. and South Vietnamese forces engage Viet Cong troops in the Mekong Delta (235 of the 300-strong Viet Cong battalion are killed). Dec. 5: In New York City, Benjamin Spock and Allen Ginsberg are arrested for protesting against the Vietnam War. Dec. 6: Vice President Jorge Pacheco Areco is sworn in as President of Uruguay after President Oscar Gestido dies in office. Dec. 8: Magical Mystery Tour is released by The Beatles as a double EP in the UK, while the only psychedelic rock album by The Rolling Stones, Their Satanic Majesties Request, is released in the UK and in the US. Dec. 9: Nicolae Ceaușescu becomes the Chairman of the Romanian State Council, making him the de facto leader of Romania. Jim Morrison is arrested on stage in New Haven, Connecticut for attempting to spark a riot in the audience during a concert

Dec. 9, 1967 – Feb. 21, 1968 (direct):

— Civilian massacres — Prague Spring — publicity of war — nuke called Boxcar is tested — B52 crashes discharging 4 nukes — massive railway merger — submarines sink —

Dec. 10: Nobel Peace Prize: 1. Chemistry: Studies in flash photosynthesis. 2. Literature: Miguel Asturas; For his Mayan magazine, history and poetry works. 3. Peace: None of the nominations met criteria. 4. Physics: Production of energy in the stars. 5. Medicine: Discoveries around the neurophysiological symptoms of vision. Jan. 15: Belice Earthquake in Sicily kills 380 and injures over 1000. Jan 5: Prague Spring is the first uprising against the soviet system; they were invaded by the Warsaw pact in Aug. South Koreans and Americans are massacring civilians in Vietnam: The Phong Nhi, Phong Nhất, My Lai & Ha My massacres. Some are not reported until years later, but mass opposition to the war is strong. An infamous photo of an execution in Saigon. Jan. 21: Vietnam Battle of The Sanh, one of the most publicised and controversial battles of the war. The battle lasts until Apr. 8. Jan. 23: North Korea seizes a US ship. Jan. 30: Tel Offensive by the Viet Cong begins. A nuke called the “Boxcar” is tested. Jan. 15: B-52 Stratofortress crashed in Greenland discharging 4 nuclear bombs. Jan 25: Israeli sub sinks in the Mediterranean killing 69. Jan. 28: French Submarine sinks killing 52. A massive merger of railway lines occurs in the USA. Mar. 2: Baggeridge Colliery closes, ending 300 years of coal business.

Saturn in Uttara Bhadrapada:
26 March 1937 – 13 April 1938

Arts & Literature

Film: Fox’s silent film archives were destroyed by fire (July 9). Jean Renoir’s La Grande Illusion (1937) circulated widely and shaped wartime discourse (contextual to this window). Walt Disney’s Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs premiered (Dec 21), the first full-length cel-animated feature. Mae West’s risqué radio performance was banned (Dec 12) amid morality debates (culture–religion boundary).

Music: CBC recorded a 2.5-hour memorial concert for George Gershwin (Sept 7). Dmitri Shostakovich’s Symphony No. 5 (in D minor) premiered in Leningrad (Nov 21), becoming a cultural counter-text to terror.

Art: The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation was established (1937). Pablo Picasso completed Guernica (June 1937). Mount Rushmore’s Lincoln head was unveiled (Sept 17).

Literature: J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit was published (Sept 21). Ernest Hemingway’s To Have and Have Not was published (Oct 15). The Dandy comic was launched (Dec 4). John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men (1937) was published and captured Depression-era precarity. Pablo Neruda, España en el Corazón (1937): A landmark Spanish Civil War poetry collection, published in the middle of the conflict. Zora Neale Hurston, Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937): Classic African-American literature, deeply Saturn-in-Pisces in its themes of identity, oppression, and fate.

Religion & Spirituality

Pope Pius XI’s encyclical Mit brennender Sorge (Mar 1937): Condemned Nazi ideology. One of the few open Catholic rebukes to Hitler at the time. Hindu Mahasabha & Muslim League activity: In India, communal politics hardened during 1937 provincial elections — seeds of Partition (this ties well to Palestine partition themes). Second Sino-Tibetan War (1937): Not a large war, but tied to monasteries, lamas, and spiritual-political authority in Tibet. Fits Saturn dissolving the old religious orders under military pressure.

Innovation & Technology

Transport: The Hindenburg caught fire and crashed at Lakehurst, New Jersey (May 6). Amelia Earhart disappeared after takeoff from New Guinea (July 2). The Honeymoon Bridge at Niagara Falls collapsed due to ice jams (Jan 27, 1938).

Technology: The world’s largest public bath, Geibeltbad Pirna, opened (July 20). A nine-nation Nylon Conference convened to tackle Mediterranean piracy/sea security (Sept 10). (Also emblematic of polymer/industrial advances behind the brand-name “nylon”.) Jet propulsion groundwork (Whittle & von Ohain, 1937): Both men independently developed jet engine prototypes — seeds of WWII aviation. Radar (UK Chain Home stations, 1937): First operational radar network. Pisces theme: seeing the “unseen” enemy.

Space: Discovery of the muon (1937): New subatomic particle found in cosmic rays — shattering physics’ “clear boundaries.”

Politics

German fighter aircraft arrived in Spain to assist Franco (May 7). King George VI and Queen Elizabeth were crowned (May 12). The Constitution of Ireland was drafted and advanced (June–July). The Peel Commission recommended partition in Mandatory Palestine (July 7). The U.S. Housing Act of 1937 was passed (Sept 1). President Roosevelt’s “Quarantine Speech” called for curbing aggressor nations (Oct 5). The United States moved away from strict non-intervention (late 1937). The Duke and Duchess of Windsor visited Nazi Germany (Oct 11). Brazil shifted to dictatorship under Vargas’s Estado Novo (Nov 10). Hitler held the secret Hossbach Conference, laying out plans for “Lebensraum” (Nov 5). The Irish Free State became simply “Ireland” as the 1937 Constitution came into force (Dec 29) and prohibited divorce. Hitler assumed direct control over the German military (Feb 4, 1938). German troops entered Austria (Mar 12, 1938); the Anschluss was ratified by a plebiscite the following month. The U.S. House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) was re-established (1938), foreshadowing later cultural–political purges. Italy joined Anti-Comintern Pact (1937): Solidifying Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis. Japan withdrew from the Nine-Power Treaty (1937): Formalized their rejection of international rules. Turkey formally joined the League of Nations Council (1937): A stabilizing counter-note in the region.

Economy

The U.S. was in a sharp contraction during this period. The so-called Recession of 1937–1938 lasted roughly May 1937 to June 1938. From the peak in March 1937 to April 1938, stock prices fell about 58 %. Despite previous gains during the early New Deal recovery, this reversal wiped out much of the momentum. Analysts note that from February 1937 through April 1938, stock prices had fallen by approximately 44 % in one study that adjusts for gold sterilization policies. The selloff became inexorable by late 1937, and by March 1938, the Dow had lost nearly half its pre-selloff value. Stocks were collapsing, volatility was high, and capital was retreating from risk. This era was under the gold-standard / Bretton-style fixed (or quasi-fixed) regimes in many economies, so currency movements were not as freely floating as in modern times. A key policy factor was “gold sterilization” by the U.S. Treasury. The U.S. Treasury’s sterilization of gold inflows prevented the monetary base from expanding commensurately, which constrained liquidity and exacerbated the contraction. The flattening of the monetary base despite growing gold stock in 1937 was one of the monetary mechanics that deepened the recession. In Exchange Rates and Economic Recovery in the 1930s, currency depreciation in weaker countries was used as one tool to regain competitiveness and stimulate exports in the ‘30s. By the 1930s, the whaling industry had already been under pressure for many decades, largely replaced by petroleum and alternative oils for lighting and lubrication. Nevertheless, whale oil still retained importance in some industrial applications, especially in fats / margarine / soap production. For example, in 1937, whale oil made up ~41% of the fat component in margarine in the UK, and ~54% of Germany’s margarine & lard compounding in 1935 Soviet industrial output stood at roughly four times its level a decade earlier (indicative of rapid Five-Year-Plan industrialization). Silver crisis (1937): U.S. Silver Purchase Act and Chinese currency destabilization fed into Japanese invasion momentum. U.S. stock market crash of 1937: Triggered the “Recession within the Depression” you mentioned, but it’s worth naming explicitly. The U.S. passed the Marihuana Tax Act (Oct 1). The U.S. Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) was created (1938). Commercial oil was discovered in Saudi Arabia (Dammam No. 7; Mar 4, 1938). Foundations for what later became Aramco were strengthened following the Saudi discovery (1938).

Health & Disease

Health: Medical advances: Blood banks and early antibiotics research expanded in the late 1930s.

Natural Disaster: A devastating Hong Kong typhoon killed ~11,000 people (Sept 2). The “Black Sunday” mass-rescue at Bondi/“Blonde” Beach, Australia, occurred (Feb 6, 1938): ~300 swimmers were swept out; lifesavers saved all but five. Floods in Yellow River, China (1938): the Nationalists deliberately breached dikes to stop Japan; hundreds of thousands died. Fits Saturn’s destructive Piscean water signature.

War

2nd Sino-Japanese War (Jul. 7, 1937 – Sept. 2, 1945): Trigger (Jul 1937): The Marco Polo Bridge Incident escalated into full war. Summer–Fall 1937: Japan captured Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai after brutal battles (esp. the Battle of Shanghai, Aug–Nov). Dec 1937–Mar 1938: The infamous Rape of Nanking, with mass killings and atrocities. Early 1938: Japan launched air raids on Chongqing. Effect in Uttara Bhādrapadā: this was the definitive outbreak of WWII in Asia. A “hidden war” (skirmishes since 1931) suddenly broke surface. Soviet aid to China against Japan was negotiated in late 1937–38. USS Panay Incident (Dec 12, 1937): Japanese planes sank a U.S. gunboat on the Yangtze; the U.S. accepted Tokyo’s apology — but it deepened anti-Japanese sentiment in America.
Anschluss (Mar 12, 1938): German troops occupied Austria; within a month a referendum claimed 99.7% support. This was the first major step toward WWII expansion. Munich Agreement groundwork: Hitler began openly planning territorial expansion (“Lebensraum”) in late 1937 — his Hossbach Memorandum.
Stalin’s Great Purge (Aug. 1936 – Mar. 1938): Thousands of Red Army officers, party leaders, intellectuals were executed or sent to gulags. Major show trials took place (Bukharin, Rykov, Yagoda, others). By March 1938, Stalin had eliminated most rivals and cemented authoritarian control. Effect in Uttara Bhādrapadā: fear, paranoia, hidden enemies, mass “cleansing”
Spanish Civil War (Jul. 17, 1936 – Apr. 1, 1939): Spring 1937: Guernica bombing (Apr 26) → immortalized by Picasso. Summer 1937: Heavy fighting in the north; Basque towns fell.Fall 1937: Franco’s forces took much of the northern seaboard, Republicans retreated. Winter 1937–38: Intensified battles; foreign brigades still active. Effect in Uttara Bhādrapadā: the war was shifting in Franco’s favor, with foreign powers (Germany, Italy, USSR) testing weapons & tactics that would be used in WWII.
Arab Revolt in Palestine: (Apr. 19, 1936 – Aug. 26, 1939): 1937: The British Peel Commission (July) recommended partition of Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states — the first formal partition proposal. Both Jewish & Arab communities rejected it (for different reasons). Revolt continued in countryside with guerrilla attacks, and Britain responded with repression. Effect in Uttara Bhādrapadā: a long-term seed point of the Israel–Palestine conflict.
Civil unrest in Latin America: Guerrilla beginnings in Mexico (Lucio Cabañas 1937), worker uprisings in Argentina.
Ethiopia (1937): Italian occupation continued; brutal reprisals and massacres followed resistance attacks.
Colonial conflicts: Rebellions in French Indochina, continuing uprisings in Syria under French mandate, and unrest in North Africa.
Great Depression (Sept. 1929 – Sept. 1939): 1937–38: The U.S. economy went into a “Recession within the Depression” — production and employment slumped again after earlier recovery. Internationally: Germany, Italy, and Japan relied on aggressive expansion to fuel their economies. The USSR’s economy paradoxically surged (Fourfold growth since 1927) due to rapid industrialization, though with brutal social costs. Effect in Uttara Bhādrapadā: Saturn in Pisces carried a mood of uncertainty, disillusionment, scarcity & radicalism.

Mar. 26, 1937 – Jul. 18, 1937 (diret)

— Hindenburg disaster — Picasso: Guernica — Peel commission suggests separating Palestine from Israel — 1937: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation is established; the current building for the museum won’t be built for another 20 years. May 6: The Hindenburg disaster. The zeppelin burst into flames. May 7: German fighter plans arrive in Spain to assist Franco. May 12: King George & Queen Elizabeth are crowned. Jun. – Jul.: Constitution of Ireland. Jun.: Picasso completes Guernica. Jul. 2: Amelia Earnhardt disappears when taking off from New Guinea. Jul. 7: 2nd Sino-Japanese War starts. This pauses the chances civil war so both sides can focus on Japan. Jul. 7: war breaks out when shots are fired at the Marco Polo Bridge Incident. There had been skirmishes for about five year, since the Mukden incident, leading to this. Jul. 7: The Peel commission suggests separating Palestine from Israel. Jul. 9: The silent film archives at Fox studios is destroyed by fire.

Jul. 18, 1937 – Dec. 2, 1937 (retrograde)

— Public bath — US Housing Act — Mediterranean Pirates — The Hobbit — Marihuana Tax Act — USA abandoned non-intervention — Hemingway: To Have or to Have Not — Hitler plans to acquire Living Space —

Soviet production is about 4times higher than it was ten years earlier. Jul. 20: Geibeltbad Piran, the larges public bath in the world opens. Sept. 1: The United States Housing Act of 1937 is passed. Sept. 2: Typhoon in Hong Kong kills 11000 people. Sept. 5: The city of Llanes falls to the Falangists. Sept. 7: CBC records a 2.5 hour memorial concert for Gershwin. Sept. 10: Nine nation lead by UK meet for the Nylon Conference to tackle piracy in the Mediterranean. Sept. 17: Lincoln’s head on mount Rushmore. Sept. 21: First edition of “The Hobbit.” Sept. 25: The Chinese win a battle against the Japanese. Sept. 27: The last Bali Tiger dies (extinction). Oct. 1: USA passes the Marihuana Tax Act. Oct. 2 – 6: Civilians massacred in Dominican Republic. Oct. 3: Japan advances to Nanking, the capital of the Republic of China at the time. Oct. 5: Roosevelt gives his “Quarantine Speech” seeking to reverse American non-interventionist policy, aimed at Japan, Germany & Italy. Oct. 11: Duke & Duchess of Windsor visit Hitler & Germany. Oct. 15: Ernest Hemingway publishes “To Have or to Have Not.” Oct. 18-21: The whole Spanish northern seaboard falls into the Falangists’ hands. Republican forces set fire to petrol reserves, prior to retreating. Nov. 5: Hitler holds a secret meeting where he lays out plans to acquire Living Space for the Germans. Nov. 10: Brazil becomes a dictatorship. Nov. 11: Sulphur mine collapses in Japan killing 2455 people. Nov. 19: Japan takes Shanghai. Dec. 1: Battle for Nanking begins.

Dec. 2, 1937 – Apr. 13, 1938 (direct)

— Rape of Nanking — The Dandy comic — Snow White & the Seven Dwarfs — Irish Independence — Fannie Mae: US Federal National Mortgage Association — Oil in Saudi Arabia — 300 swimmers washed out to sea (only 5 dead) —

Dec. 4: The Dandy comic is first published. Dec. 12: Japan sinks and American gunboat, but it’s accepted as an accident. Dec. 12: Mae West makes a risqué appearance and is banned from Radio. Dec 13: Rape of Nanking takes place over next 3 months. Dec. 21: Disney releases Snow White & the Seven Dwarfs; the first full length cell-animated feature film. Dec. 29: The Irish Free State becomes Ireland as the constitution comes into force. The new constitution prohibits divorce. Jan. 27: Ice jam collapses the Honey Moon Bridge in Niagara Falls. Feb. 10: Bombing of Chongquin. Japan indiscriminately bombs Chinese city. 1938: Fannie Mae: US Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA). Mar. 4: First commercial oil discovery in Saudi Arabia. Feb. 6: Black Sunday at Blonde Beach. 300 swimmers are washed out to sea; eighty lifesavers save all but 5. Feb. 4: Hitler takes over the German military; at least partly through accusations that the General was a homosexual. Mar. 12: German troops occupy Austria and annex it the next day. In the following month the Austrian people show their approval with a 99.73% in referendum.

Saturn in Uttara Bhadrapada:
27 May 1907 – 03 March 1909

Arts & Literature

In Australia, for example, The Lone Hand magazine was founded in 1907, a literary / poetry magazine that sought a national voice. Globally, authors were experimenting more with narrative, psychological depth, fragmentation. The 1907 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Rudyard Kipling. 1908’s Nobel in LIterature: Rudolf Eucken.

Film: This is still the very early age of cinema; silent film was in its infancy globally. There’s no major breakthrough tied to 1907–1909 that leaps out as “film revolution” in the way the talkies would later be. But the infrastructure was being built: more exhibition houses (nickelodeons) and short films being shown in theaters.

Music: Classical, late Romantic and early modernist styles dominate Europe; composers like Mahler (recently died 1911), Richard Strauss, Debussy, etc., were active. The shift toward modernism in music—experimentation with harmony, tonality, dissonance—was underway (e.g. early Schoenberg, Stravinsky’s early works) though the big explosions come a little later.

Art: groups of independent avant-garde painters were organizing. The Groupe des XXX / Société Normande de Peinture Moderne was formed around 1907 in Rouen / Le Havre to unite independent painters, sculptors, writers, etc. The art world was in a ferment: Impressionism was giving way to Post-Impressionism, Fauvism, and the initial rumblings of Cubism and expressionism.

Religion & Spirituality

Any spiritual and reform movements were gaining momentum: Theosophy, Vedanta, Christian modernism, Islamic reformism. Institutional religions were under pressure to adapt: at times responding to scientific modernity, colonialism, social justice movements. Missionary movements and cross-cultural translations of scripture and spiritual texts were continuing strongly across Asia, Africa, the Americas. In parallel, mysticism and esotericism had a certain appeal among intellectuals who felt the old religious structures could not fully address modern life’s anxieties.

Innovation & Technology

Electricity, telephony, internal combustion engines were already mature technologies, but still scaling. Marconi wireless telegraphy / radio was in early stages of becoming more than experimental. Industrial engineering / mechanization: factories were refining methods. The second industrial revolution’s momentum was still reverberating. Automobile and motorization were spreading: more cities adopting roads, automotive infrastructure. Urban infrastructure: electrification of rail, tram, street lighting, sanitation were being enhanced in many cities.

Transport: Railroads were the backbone of major national transport networks. Continued expansion and improvements (e.g. faster locomotives, better track, signaling) were underway. Steamships remained dominant for oceanic travel. Within cities, tram lines, streetcars, cable cars, and early electric transit lines were common in many Western metros. Automobiles were becoming more common among elites; road building was gradually improving. The Franco-British Exhibition in London in 1908 (May to October) was a milestone: besides being a cultural world fair, it showcased transport and engineering marvels.

Technology: Railroads were the backbone of major national transport networks. Continued expansion and improvements (e.g. faster locomotives, better track, signaling) were underway. During 1907–1909, atomic physics was nascent (Rutherford, Planck, etc.) but not yet leading to applied nuclear technology.

Politics

The Progressive Era in the U.S. was in full swing (though this period slightly overlaps). Social reforms, trust-busting, regulation of big business, labor laws, urban reform were dominant political themes. Colonial empires were still strong (British, French, German, Russian, etc.), and colonial tensions, nationalist stirrings, and modernization pressures were rising in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. In Europe, alliances and the prelude to tensions that would later lead toward World War I were evolving: arms races, nationalism, diplomatic pacts. Governments were investing in infrastructure, public works, social welfare experiments in some places (health, education), as industrialism showed its inequalities.

Economy

The Panic of 1907, which began in mid-October 1907. The Panic was triggered by a failed attempt to corner United Copper stock, which then precipitated runs on trust companies, bank failures, and a collapse in stock markets. At the height, the New York Stock Exchange fell nearly 50% from its previous peak. Because your interval begins before the worst panic hits, there would have been a build-up (speculative excess, vulnerability) and then the crash, followed by a period of recovery/adjustment through 1908 into early 1909. The crisis spurred calls for reform, leading to the creation of the Monetary Commission and eventually the Federal Reserve Act (1913). From speculation into severe crash (Panic of 1907), then slow, pressured recovery in 1908–1909. Energy / Commodities: Demand weakened, prices likely under downward pressure; resource and industrial sectors hit. Currency / Money: Fixed exchange system under strain, reserve pressures, gold flows stressed; monetary contraction deepened the downturn

Corporate

Mergers: One of the most significant corporate events in that timeframe was the formal merger of Shell Transport & Trading (UK) with Royal Dutch Petroleum (Netherlands), creating the Royal Dutch Shell Group in 1907. The date of the telegram announcing the merger (April 23, 1907) is celebrated as the company’s “birthday.” In 1909, near the tail end of your period, Consolidated National Bank merged with Oriental Bank to become the National Reserve Bank of the City of New York. This kind of banking consolidation fits the stress environment of the Panic of 1907 and its aftermath (financial squeezes pushing institutions to consolidate).

Health & Disease

Health: There was a renewed plague outbreak in San Francisco in 1907–1908 (part of the “Third Pandemic” wave). New cases tapered off through fall and winter 1907; the last case was diagnosed Jan 30, 1908. In 1908, around 160 more cases were identified, with 78 reported deaths. There was a renewed plague outbreak in San Francisco in 1907–1908 (part of the “Third Pandemic” wave). New cases tapered off through fall and winter 1907; the last case was diagnosed Jan 30, 1908. In 1908, around 160 more cases were identified, with 78 reported deaths. The U.S. Public Health Reports for August 1907 list causes of death including tuberculosis, diphtheria, enteric fever etc., showing ongoing burdens of infectious disease.

Crime: given the financial turmoil of the Panic of 1907 and the bank runs, one might expect: Increased fraud, default, financial crimes. Opportunistic crimes as populations under stress. Institutional corruption under economic pressure. Also worth noting: the banking panic implicated controversial broker and banking behavior (cornering schemes, risky loans) in the U.S. financial system.

War

This period (1907–1909) is relatively quiet in terms of global full-scale wars. Pre–World War I, most colonial and geopolitical conflicts were smaller. Some regional tensions, border skirmishes, and nationalist uprisings may have occurred (especially within colonial empires), but none that dominate classical war histories in that exact span. The U.S. was not in major foreign war then; Europe was in an uneasy peace; the major global conflagration would not begin until 1914.

May 27, 1907 – Jul. 9, 1907 (direct)

Jun. 5: Curtis are consecrated for a UN associated Hindu organisation. Jun. 6: Persil laundry detergent is the first to combine bleach in the formula. Jun. 15: Second Hague Peace conference Jun. 22: London underground expansion opens. Jul. 6: Guarians of the Irish Crown Jewels notices they have been stolen.

Jul. 9, 1907 – Aug. 23, 1907 (retrograde back to P. Bhadrapada)

Jul. 15: First battery powered electric buses in London. Jul. 21: SS Columbia sinks after colliding with a lumber schooner. Jul. 24: Japan-Korea Treaty bring Korea more firmly under Japanese control.

Feb. 14, 1908 – Jun. 19, 1908 (direct)

1908: “El Satario” is filmed, one of the earliest surviving pornographic films. The devil as a satyr who disturbs a group of young dancing women. Leads into one falling, and an assault before the remaining women return to scare him away. Feb. 18: Japanese emigration to USA is forbidden under terms of gentleman Agreement. Mar.: Children’s Encyclopaedia begins publication. Bank of Communications is founded in China; it still offers service. The first Scout Troop group is formed outside of the UK. Mar.: A 40 000 year old skeleton of a boy is found in France. Apr. 21: Frederic Cook claims to have reached the North Pole. May 14: The Franco-British Exposition begins. May 26: The first commercial oil discovery in the Middle East. United Kingdom quickly reserves the rights.

Aug. 25, 1908 – Dec. 7, 1908 (retrograde from Revati)

Aug. 28: Predecessor tot eh United Parcel Service is founded. Aug. 31: Grear Storm pounds the Bristol Channel for a few days. Sept. 10: Brazil gets their first Dreadnought Battle Ship. Sept. 17: First dead by airline accident. The Pilot, Orville Wright is injured but survives. Oct. 1: Henry Ford launches the Model T for $850. Oct. 1: Penny Post is established between USA & UK. Oct. 5: Bulgary declares independence from Ottoman Empire. Oct. 5: The play, The Melting Pot opens. Oct. 14: Chicago Cubs win the world series; they will not do so again for 108 years. Nov. 6: Butch Cassidy & Sundance Kid are killed in Bolivia after being surrounded by soldiers. Nov. 25: The Chistian Science Monitor newspaper is founded. Dec. 2: Emperor Puyi ascends the throne at age 2.

Dec. 7, 1908 – Mar. 3, 1909 (direct)

1880: The coldest year in 28 years. Jan. 4: The Imperial Trans-Arctic Expedition escape death by fleeing across ice floes. Jan. 7: Columbia recognized the independence of Panima. Jan. 9: British Nimrod expedition, led by Ernest Shackleton, gets closer to the South Pole than anyone. Jan. 11: International Joint Commission is established between USA & Canada to manage water boundaries. Jan. 24: RMS Republic sinks after. Collision with SS Florida. Jan. 28: US troops lead Cuba. Feb. 5: Bakelite thermosetting plastic is invented (the first truly useful plastic).

Saturn in Uttara Bhadrapada:
03 April 1878 – 21 April 1879

Arts & Literature

Exposition Universelle 1878 (Paris) — a world fair showcasing art, machines, inventions, global cultures. This event had a big impact on visual arts, design, engineering display, and international cultural exchange. It featured electric streetlights, arc lighting, and architectural showcases.

Film: Still essentially nothing in “film” as such — this predates motion pictures as a commercial medium. The technologies that contribute (photography, optics, chemical processes) are maturing, but the moving image film industry has not yet arrived. Photography / visual arts would have been influenced by the fair and by evolving techniques (silver process, early color experiments).

War

*starts* Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878 – 1880) *stats* Anglo-Zulu War (Jan. 11, 1879 – Jul. 4, 1879)

Apr. 3, 1878 – Jul. 15, 1878 (direct)

— Reorganisation of Baltic States —

May 15: Tokyo Stock Exchange is established. May 25: Gilbert & Sullivan comic opera “Pinafore” premiers. Jun. 1: The General Postal Union is renamed the Universal Postal Union. Jun. 13 – Jul. 13: The Great powers came together for the Congress of Berlin to reorganise the the States of the Balkan peninsula. The Russian people didn’t like the outcome much because they felt that their people had died in vain in the Russo-Turkish War which had just ended. Jun. 15: stop motion stills of a horse running show all four feet off the ground at the same time. Jun. 22: The Northern Sea route is navigated for teh first time Jul. 4: 30000 show up to watch thoroughbred horse race in Louisville; this inspires the folk song “Molly & Tenbrooks.”

Jul. 15, 1878 – Nov. 30, 1878 (retrograde)

— Anna Karenina —

1878: Bismarck outlaws the Social Democrats. Tribal war breaks out on Nauru after the introduction of European spirits and guns. After 10 years of war the German went and took everyone’s guns and there was peace again. Pelton Wheel for water turbines is invented. First typewriter with a shifty key allowing users to type in upper or lower case. Kawasaki Tsukiji Shipyard is established. At least 5 English football clubs were established. Geiger Advertising corporation 9s founded, still family owned and managed. Aug. 9: the deadliest Toronto in Connecticut history. Sept. 3: over 640 die when a pleasure boat collides with a passenger/cargo ship.. Sept. 12: Cleopatra’s Needle is erected in London. Sept. 20: The HIndu (India newspaper) is founded. Oct. 31: Fire of the century burns a gristmill in Stockholm. Nov. 21: British attack at Khyber pass starts the 2nd Anglo-Afghan War

Nov. 30, 1878 – Apr. 21, 1879 (direct)

Dec. 7: New Mexico is linked tot eh rest of USA by railroad for the first time. Dec. 18: passengers ships collide killing 210 people. Jan. 1: USDollar resumes using gold as the standard for the first time since the civil war. Jan. 1: Brahms’ Violin Concerto premiers. Jan. 11: Anglo-Zulu War begins as a force of 1200 British are wiped out by 20 000 Zulu. Days later a force of 120 repel and attack by 4000. Feb. 3: The first public highway to be lit by electric incandescent bulbs. Feb. 8: Global standard time is first proposed. Mar. 3: US Geological survey is founded Mar. 28 – 29: Anglo-Zulu battles, the British win one and loose one. Apr. 5: war of the Pacific: Chile declares war against Bolivia & Peru. Apr. 12: Church of Christ, Scientist is founded by a woman.

Ancient History

Feb. 21, 1848: The Communist Manifesto is released. 
 Aug. 1642: Beginning of the English revolution to establish the Commonwealth.
 Dec. 4, 1437: Grand Duke of Moscow, Vasily II sends his Russian army to attack Khan Ulugh Mohammad, the Tatars, in the Battle of Belyov. Marking the beginning of the 115 year Russo – Kazan Wars, until the capital of Tatarstan would be ultimately conquered by the Tsardom of Russia under rule of Ivan the Terrible in 1552.